CONTENTS of journal "THNP" 5-6•2021

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF GAS AND OIL PIPELINES AND STORAGES

УДК 621.644.07
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-5-12 
THE RESEARCH OF ICE GOUGING IMPACT ON THE RISK OF LOCAL STABILITY LOSS RELATED TO OFFSHORE PIPELINE (P. 5-12)
Krasikova M.YU., Yamalieva YU.R., Leonovich I.A.
Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-8980, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-5737, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-1537, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
Currently, the offshore exploration and development of hydrocarbon fields are considered as prospectivedirection of the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas companies are classified as hazardous facilities. The implementation of Arctic oil and gas projects is complicated by harsh metocean conditions including ice feature. Additional design solutions are taken into account forpipeline protectiondue to ice surface and deep impact. This article proposes a methodology for analyzing the impact of ice gouging on the risk of local stability loss related to offshore pipeline with a «bow tie» diagram engagement. The causes and consequences occurrence regarding offshore pipeline displacement is focused on optimal technical and process solution approvalat the stage of project documentation design.
KEYWORDS: ice gouging, offshore pipeline stability, risk assessment, «bow tie» diagram.
For citation: Krasikova M.YU., Yamalieva YU.R., Leonovich I.A. THE RESEARCH OF ICE GOUGING IMPACT ON THE RISK OF LOCAL STABILITY LOSS RELATED TO OFFSHORE PIPELINE. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 5–12.

УДК 620.179.1
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-13-16
PIG LAUNCHER-RECEIVERMODERNIZATION (P. 13-16)
Khasanov I.I., Shambazov D.A.
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-1237, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
In the article the modernization of existing scraper launcher-receiver is proposed. The existing conventional scraper launcher-receiver construction includes manual scraper kicking. Changes in construction imply the replacing of kicking connection pipe and lines towards hydraulic power system usage, that allows to make the process of intelligent pig survey preparation partially automatized.
KEYWORDS: major oil pipeline, scraper launcher-receiver, survey, kicking mechanism, hydraulic power system.
For citation: Khasanov I.I., Shambazov D.A. PIG LAUNCHER-RECEIVERMODERNIZATION. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 13–16.

УДК 622.276
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-17-26
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF SUBSURFACE UTILITY ENGINEERING FOR NON-METALLIC PIPELINE LOCATION (P. 17-26)
Pshenin V.V., Komarovskiy M.S., Podlesniy D.S., Rozanova L.R.
Saint Petersburg Mining University, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-3172, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
An obvious global trend is the proliferation of plastic pipelines in the construction and repair of underground utilities, including gas distribution pipelines. Despite the obvious advantages of non-metallic pipes, their use is fraught with specific problems inherent in plastic materials. One of such problems facing the gas industry on a scale is the problem of detecting underground non-metallic utilities and their selective identification from among the corresponding objects. The paper attempts to critically analyze and assess the existing experience in the field, and based on the results, as well as it proposes recommendations for the development of promising research studies.
KEYWORDS: computer-aided design, low-pressure polyethylene, georadar survey method, underground pipeline, non-metallic pipeline detection.
For citation: Pshenin V.V., Komarovskiy M.S., Podlesniy D.S., Rozanova L.R. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF SUBSURFACE UTILITY ENGINEERING FOR NON-METALLIC PIPELINE LOCATION. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 17–26.

УДК 622.691.48
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-27-30
QUASI-TURBULENT MODEL OF EXTRACTION FROM THE MAIN OIL PIPELINE (P. 27-30)
Alperovich I.V.
Wavecontrol LLC, 119454, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-2727, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
Mathematical modeling is widely used in the leak detection systems for pipelines, as well as for analyzing and planning the operating modes of main oil pipelines. The models for pumping and static modes are somewhat different. On pumping, the mode is usually turbulent, and on static – laminar. Comparison of experimental data at the extraction under the turbulent mode with calculations shows that some properties of real pressure trends differ from those calculated according to the classical model. In the article is proposed a model of extraction that combines the properties of turbulent and laminar models is proposed, which allows bringing together the calculated and real pressure trends.
KEYWORDS: oil pipeline, extraction, pressure drop wave, wave front, wave tail, mathematical model, quasi-turbulent model.
For citation: Alperovich I.V. QUASI-TURBULENT MODEL OF EXTRACTION FROM THE MAIN OIL PIPELINE. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 27–30.

УДК 622.692.4.053
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-31-36
ON THE USE OF THE TRUNK PIPELINE SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTATION AND SUPPLY OF FRESH WATER (P. 31-36)
Mastobaev B.N.1, Pavlov V.N.2, Valeev A.R.1, Tashbulatov R.R.1, Karimov R.M.1, Kolchin A.V.1, Lokshina E.A.1
1Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-9520, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-605X, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-2352, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2459-4555, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-0045, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-5812, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
2Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the problem of uneven distribution of water resources on the territory of Russia. In some regions of the country there is a tendency to lack of clean drinking water, while other regions suffer from floods. The solution to the problem of the balance of water resources can be the use of the existing system of trunk pipelines. Some of them are currently not being used at full capacity. At the same time, they run through both regions with water scarcity and through regions with excess. Therefore, redirecting the pipeline's capacity to water transport will partially solve the problems of fresh water in scarce regions.
KEYWORDS: water, fresh water, main pipeline, water shortage, flood.
For citation: Mastobaev B.N., Pavlov V.N., Valeev A.R., Tashbulatov R.R., Karimov R.M., Kolchin A.V., Lokshina E.A. ON THE USE OF THE TRUNK PIPELINE SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTATION AND SUPPLY OF FRESH WATER. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 31–36.

УДК 624.953
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-37-43
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RIBBED-RING DOME ROOF OF A TANK, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PHYSICAL NONLINEARITY (P. 37-43)
Kardapoltsev A.V., Karavaychenko M.G., Kantemirov I.F.
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9856-2164, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-1717, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7433, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The article clarifies the method of linear and nonlinear calculation of VAT taking into account the residual stresses of the ribbed-ring dome roof in the SCAD Office software package for a 50 000 m3 tank for storing liquefied natural gas (LNG), and studies the effect of residual stresses on the stress-strain state in the dome roof. It is established that in the load-bearing beams, the residual stresses after deformation under the radius of the dome are 40 MPa. The increase in the main equivalent stresses in the nonlinear calculation relative to the linear one is 17% (31 MPa), the displacements increased by 18% (13 mm). When calculating the domed roofs of vertical steel tanks, it is recommended to perform the calculation in a linear and nonlinear formulation of the problem, taking into account the residual stresses.
KEYWORDS: dome roof of the tank, suspended roof, method of linear and nonlinear calculation of the tank roof, SCAD Office, residual stresses.
For citation: Kardapoltsev A.V., Karavaychenko M.G., Kantemirov I.F. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RIBBED-RING DOME ROOF OF A TANK, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PHYSICAL NONLINEARITY. Transport and storage of Oil Products and Hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 37–43.

CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF GAS AND OIL PIPELINES AND GAS AND OIL STORAGE FACILITIES

УДК 621.644.074.4
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-44-47
IMPROVEMENT OF REPAIR METHODS FOR HYDROCARBON TRANSPORT PIPELINES AT RAIL AND ROAD CROSSINGS (P. 44-47)
Garifullin I.R., Abdullin N.V.
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-5259,E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-3622, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The article contains the results of analytical studies on the issue of ensuring optimal maintainability at the sections of pipeline crossings crossing at cargo transportation communications. During the research, a solution was proposed that provides for the introduction of a new design into the pipeline transition repair technology, which has a number of operational advantages bearing significant potential and high applicability.
KEYWORDS: crossing, pipeline, repair, case, casing, semi-casing, road, railway, crossing.
For citation: Garifullin I.R., Abdullin N.V. IMPROVEMENT OF REPAIR METHODS FOR HYDROCARBON TRANSPORT PIPELINES AT RAIL AND ROAD CROSSINGS. Transport and storage of petroleum products and hydrocarbon raw materials. 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 44–47.

УДК 620.19:621.643
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-48-53
IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEFECTIVE SECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES BY MAGNETIC-PULSE TREATMENT (P. 48-53)
Shchipachev A.M., Alzhadly M.
Saint Petersburg Mining University, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Email: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
Email: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the topical issue of restoring the serviceability of defective sections of pipelines and improving their operational properties using magnetic-pulse treatment of metal. A theoretical analysis of the mechanism of the action of the magnetic-pulse field on the continuity defects is carried out. As a result, It was found that the impact of the magnetic-pulse field is manifested both in the form of pressure (wave impact) and in the form of the impact of electromagnetic force. The composition of the magnetic-pulse unit and the principle of its operation were also described. Experimental studies of the effect of impulse impact on the strength properties of metals containing surface cracks were carried out. As a result of the study, it was found that the impact strength of the treated samples by magnetic-pulse treatment increased by 35–40% in comparison with untreated samples.
KEYWORDS: continuity defects, impulse impact, induction currents, inductor, pipeline.
For citation: Shchipachev A.M., Alzhadly M. IMPROVING THE OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF DEFECTIVE SECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES BY MAGNETIC-PULSE TREATMENT. Transport and storage of Oil Products and Hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 48–53.

УДК 624.139.22
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-54-59
FEATURES OF CONDUCTING HYDRAULIC TESTS OF PIPELINES UNDER CONDITIONS OF NEGATIVE AMBIENT TEMPERATURES (P. 54-59)
Gulin D.A., Bitaeva M.V., Gundorova I.G., Egovtseva V.A.
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3145-748X, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-7679, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-8526, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1190-0656, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The authors presented an analysis of the existing methods of hydraulic testing of pipelines in conditions of negative temperatures; technological features have been investigated; on the basis of research, the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods are determined and directions for further research are determined. An experimental study of the dependence of internal pressure on changes in ambient temperature was carried out, as well as modeling in ANSYS Workbench 18.0.
KEYWORDS: hydraulic tests, negative temperatures, tense state, underground pipeline.
For citation: Gulin D.A., Bitaeva M.V., Gundorova I.G., Egovtseva V.A. FEATURES OF CONDUCTING HYDRAULIC TESTS OF PIPELINES UNDER CONDITIONS OF NEGATIVE AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 54–59.

DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS

УДК 622.276
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-60-69
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ANALYZING PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS FIELDS (P. 60-69)
Kitaev S.V.1, Kolotilov YU.V.2, Gladkov I.V.2, Voevodin I.G3., Plotnikov A.YU.2
1Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-0273, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
2Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 119991, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-7754, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6899-8028, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https//orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-1911, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
3Astrakhan State University, 414056, Astrakhan, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-0064, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The relevance of the study is due to the need for the development of new approaches to planning and forecasting, making the only strategic decisions from the standpoint of the management of a construction consortium. To ensure effective strategic management of the company, methods of analysis are needed, which are the most important parts of the methodological support. It should be especially emphasized that we are talking about a subjective assessment of options for the direction of investments, because their assessment by objective methods is practically impossible. The paper presents the results of the development of a method for analyzing investment projects in the real sphere of activity of construction consortia, which can be divided into two classes: investments in the reconstruction of existing and investments in the construction of new production facilities. The objects of research are projects of reconstruction, overhaul or modernization, which require an assessment of economic efficiency for an oil and gas enterprise producing a specific product (or service) in a geographically distributed market (that is, in a fairly large region), at some points of which prices may differ significantly. To increase the reliability of the interpretation of the distribution of transition probabilities in the model of changes in the state of engineering structures, it is proposed to use the theory of Markov random processes (chains), in which the transition probabilities are determined using special procedures of expert logical analysis. A methodology for the organizational and production activities of construction consortia has been developed, while the developed information and computing technologies will provide a reduction in the time of construction work, reduce the level of operating costs for consumed material and technical resources and achieve high organizational and technological reliability of engineering and technical facilities taken during the construction and reconstruction of design solutions.
KEYWORDS: repair enterprise, construction, engineering structure, oil and gas field, offshore ice-resistant platform, Markov chain, reconstruction of facilities.
For citation: Kitaev S.V., Kolotilov Yu.V., Gladkov I.V., Voevodin I.G., Plotnikov A.YU. DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR ANALYZING PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS FIELDS. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021, no. 5-6, pp. 60–69.

УДК 622.276
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-70-76
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPAIR CONSORTIUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF OPERATION OF OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS (P. 70-76)
Kitaev S.V.1, Kolotilov YU.V.2, Gladkov I.V.2, Voevodin I.G3., Plotnikov A.YU.2
1Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, 450062, Ufa, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-0273, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
2Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 119991, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-7754, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6899-8028, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-1911, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
3Astrakhan State University, 414056, Astrakhan, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-0064, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the organizational structure of the repair consortium, focused on the effective combination of flexibility and specialization. The expansion policy in the region's construction sector requires improving investment management, organizing a deep study of specific projects with an analysis of all links of vertically integrated technological chains, as well as project financing schemes. The aim of the work is to develop a method for analyzing the organizational structure of a repair consortium, taking into account the specifics of the work of its territorial divisions: production functions, prospects for industrial and commercial activities, its cooperation, relations with the regional administration, the staff of the top management. The method of analysis of hierarchies was used as a mathematical tool allowing to logically investigate the situation. The method allows a systematic approach to the study of a complex problem and helps to make the only correct decision. In this work, a methodology for improving the organizational and production activities of repair consortia has been obtained. The developed information technologies will make it possible to ensure a reduction in the time of repair work, to reduce the level of costs for consumed material and technical resources and to achieve high organizational and technological reliability of design decisions taken during the construction and reconstruction of engineering and technical facilities.
KEYWORDS: repair enterprise, construction, engineering structure, oil and gas field, hierarchy analysis method, matrix of judgments for the classification of enterprises, reconstruction of objects.
For citation: Kitaev S.V., Kolotilov YU.V., Gladkov I.V., Voevodin I.G., Plotnikov A.YU. IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPAIR CONSORTIUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF OPERATION OF OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS. Transport and storage of Oil Products and hydrocarbons, 2021. no. 5-6, pp. 70–76.

GEOECOLOGY

УДК 551.21+550.34
https://doi.org/10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-77-89
ON THE MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO ERUPTIONS IN HISTORICAL TIME AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL EFFECT (P. 77-89)
Ivanov V.V.
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 683006, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-5881, E-mail: Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.
ABSTRACT
The giant Klyuchevskoy volcano in Kamchatka (4750 m above sea level) in historical time showed unprecedentedly high activity. Eruptions with pyroclastic volumes ranging from 1 to 10 million m3 (with a volcanic explosive index VEI = 2) occurred on average approximately once every 2.5 years. Eruptions with pyroclastic volumes ranging from 10 to 100 million m3 (VEI = 3) occurred with an interval of one eruption of about 10 years. Eruptions with pyroclastic volumes from 0.1 to 1 km3 and ash volcanic clouds rising up to 25 km (VEI = 4) took place with an interval of approximately once every 40 years. More powerful eruptions in historical time on the volcano have not been noted. If we assume that the activity on Klyuchevskoy volcano was maintained at about the same level as in historical time, then we can conclude that during the life of the volcano of 7000 years about 175 eruptions with VEI = 4, 700 eruptions with VEI = 3 and 2800 eruptions with VEI = 2took place.The distribution of the duration of pauses between the eruptions of Klyuchevskoy volcano has signs of bimodality and the flow of eruptions probably cannot be considered random, Poissonian. Eruptions form groups of closely spaced events separated by comparatively long periods of rest. Further, more detailed studies in this direction are required.
KEYWORDS: eruption, basaltic andesite volcano, explosive volcanic index, geological effect, Kamchatka, Klyuchevskoy.
For citation: Ivanov V.V. ON THE MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO ERUPTIONS IN HISTORICAL TIME AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL EFFECT.Transport and Storage of Oil Products and Hydrocarbons.2021, no. 5-6, pp. 77–89.
DOI:10.24412/0131-4270-2021-5-6-77-89
Acknowledgments: The author is grateful to V.T. Garbuzova, O.A. Girina, O.V. Dirksen, V.A. Droznin, V.N. Dvigalo, I.V. Melekestsev, P.P. Firstov and V.A. Shirokov for consultations and useful discussions. Special thanks to YU.V. Demyanchuk and N.P. Smelov for the photographs provided.

 

 

Фотогалерея

КОНТАКТЫ


Индекс: 119313
Москва, улица Гарибальди, д. 4Г
Адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. Для просмотра адреса в вашем браузере должен быть включен Javascript.

Телефон редакции:
+7 (916) 593-05-29